What type of costs are typically considered when performing a marginal analysis?

Marginal analysis focuses on the additional benefits and costs that arise directly from a decision. This technique evaluates the financial implications of choosing one alternative over another by assessing the extra revenues and expenses that will result from that choice.

In the context of decision-making, it is essential to identify costs that will change based on the decision at hand, which are often referred to as incremental or relevant costs. This approach helps businesses determine the optimal course of action by weighing only those costs and benefits that will be affected by the decision being made.

The other options, while they might involve financial considerations, do not align with the principles of marginal analysis. Total fixed costs are generally not relevant in marginal analysis because they remain constant regardless of the decision. Only direct costs could be misleading, as indirect costs may also be relevant depending on the context. Historical costs, while informative, do not influence future decisions since they have already been incurred and should not factor into projections of future benefit or cost.